Climate Change in Pakistan – Impacts, Threats and Solutions

On the list of Climate Risk Index, Pakistan has been ranked among the top 10 countries at risk of disasters due to climate. There have also been recorded 10000 deaths owing to climate-related changes, huge financial losses, extreme weather conditions, and most importantly, the ever-changing climate of Pakistan, prolonged summers, and reduced winters.

The recent floods in Pakistan, which have caused immense destruction, are an alarming situation and have awakened Pakistan and the whole world. Pakistan is the most diverse country in ecosystems, topography, and climate zones. However, due to a lack of planning and the worst management of resources, the country is facing the worst challenges, and many are yet to come.

In 2022, Pakistan faced a terrible heat wave from April till August, when the temperature reached above 120 F. the month of April was marked as the hottest month in the past 61 years. Further, many people suffered heat strokes in May, and 65 were reported dead. People also faced severe water shortages leading to heavy floods during monsoon rains destroying lives and infrastructure.

 Causes

Some of the major causes of climate change are mentioned below. The authorities need to take complete action regarding the current situation.

• Increasing amounts of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are emitted from the emissions of fossil fuels in the earth’s atmosphere.
• The growing population is also contributing to climate change.
• Unplanned urban expansion.
• Increasing dependence on natural resources is also putting pressure on climate.
• Management of water is also a contributing factor. A lot of water goes wasted during monsoon and causes floods. This water can be sued effectively by the construction of dams.
• Dumping solid wastes can also contribute to climate change.
• Lack of public awareness.

Impacts and Threats of Climate Change

Climate change in Pakistan is impacting the economy, sustainable development, and livelihoods of poor people. The prosperity and well-being of the people are at stake.

While there are many threats in the future, the country is already witnessing long hot summers and short winters. Recurring heat waves during summer, floods, droughts, and landslides have been experienced, yet the worst situation is to come. Climate change is expected to enhance the intensity of these events.

It is also predicted that the temperature will still increase due to climate change, especially in the northern areas of Pakistan, leading to the melting of glaciers. The landslides and resulting massive water flow in the Indus River pose another great threat of floods. The concerned authorities also expect that Sindh province will face drier days, unlikely other cities where there will be wet days. The trends in rainfall are also expected to be changing.

A strong impact on the livelihoods and well-being of people can occur due to climate change. As Pakistan is a developing country with the most population belonging to low-middle income backgrounds, the disastrous effects of climate change can readily affect livelihoods. The recent floods are a living example of this scenario. Moreover, the country relies on land, forest, and water resources. Agriculture is the major occupation of the people, and the country’s economy highly depends upon it 90% of agriculture relies on irrigation from the Indus River and its tributaries.

Agricultural activities and food production get highly affected by rising glaciers melting, floods, or droughts, all due to climate change. It leads to never-ending poverty, loss of life and livelihood, crimes, and many more problems arising due to the root cause of climate change.

The Immediate Effects of Climate Change

The temperature in Jacobabad, Sindh, Pakistan, faced unbearable temperatures during June and July, hitting 52 degrees. According to experts, organ failure and death can occur if such a temperature continues for more than a few hours. This record was reached way before the expected period. Hence, it puts an alarming situation for the country. Moreover, the temperature is expected to increase shortly.

According to climate policy consultant Dawar Butt, glaciers in the larger Himalayan and Karakorum ranges can cause disasters throughout Pakistan, Nepal, and India. It can also destroy the country’s tourist spots and infrastructure.

Floods are also an immediate threat due to climate change and the biggest threat. The devastations of recent floods have put the country many years back with immense loss of lives, infrastructure, economy, and land.

Solution Of Climate Change

The government should take immediate notice of the situation. Given below are some of the climate change solutions that could be considered.

Reforestation

Undertaking afforestation and reforestation programs are the need of the hour. Floods, lack of natural gas and electricity, and using the land for construction have caused the loss of trees and forests. Campaigns like the billion-tree tsunami should be scaled up and implemented.

Building Dams

Constructing more dams can alleviate the situation to a great extent. Pakistan has many water resources, yet the water goes wasted due to the lack of dams. Places like that and nagarparkar should be considered.

Waste Management

Devising a waste management program is also essential, especially for northern areas. Tourists and people there often throw garbage in the water, causing pollution. Moreover, burning solid waste in open air contributes to black carbon deposition on glaciers, increasing their melting. Waste management can also contribute to a decrease in the emission of greenhouse gases.

Renewable Resources

Switching to renewable resources can be cost-effective and reduce the use of fossil fuels, ultimately reducing carbon emissions.

Proactive Approach

Shifting to a proactive approach must be considered. Pakistan is known to take action only when a disaster has occurred. Employing environmental science graduates and specialists to devise plans beforehand can save the country from many losses.

Climate Change Developments

The issue of increasing climate change must be given importance in every developmental and political program. As climate change can adversely influence the economy and livelihood, it must be given priority by the government and the people. Citizens must be aware of the situation and participate in activities like tree plantation.

Ban Diesel Automobiles

Banning diesel automobiles also play a huge part in solving the issue as emission from such vehicles contributes to global warming.

The article summarizes Pakistan’s climate changes, threats, and possible solutions.

Tackling Unemployment in Pakistan

UNEMPLOYMENT : IS A BIG CHALLENGE

In Pakistan, unemployment is a major problem. According to the World Bank, unemployment in Pakistan is estimated at 12.5 percent, which is more than double the global average of 4.8 percent. This problem is especially acute in rural areas, where unemployment is estimated at 36.4 percent.

There are many reasons for unemployment in Pakistan. First, there is a lack of jobs. Second, the economy is weak. Third, there is a skills mismatch between the jobs that are available and the skills of the unemployed. Fourth, the government does not do enough to help the unemployed.

The government's annual plan for 2020–21 states that Pakistan has the ninth-largest labour force in the world, which is growing annually.

One way that the government could help the unemployed is by creating more jobs. The government could also help the economy by implementing policies that would help to increase the amount of GDP. Finally, the government could help the unemployed by providing them with training and education.

Its hard to get job

In Pakistan, the phenomenon of educated jobless people, especially jobless graduates, is a reality. Degree holders have a nearly threefold increase in unemployment compared to the general unemployed population. This is explained by a mismatch between the education being provided and the necessity for the economy to take on enough new graduates.

Similar to this, the Labour Force Survey 2017–18 shows that there is a larger rate of unemployment among women than among males (8.27 percent vs. 5.07 percent, respectively).

In comparison to the general unemployment rate, the youth unemployment rate is extremely high. The 20–24 age group has the highest overall unemployment rate (11.56 percent).

Causes of Unemployment in Pakistan

Unemployment is among the most important social and economic crises that the country is now confronting. To be completely honest, this is an issue that present in this country at an alarming level.

The following are the factors that contribute to unemployment in Pakistan. There are over 2 million unemployed people in Pakistan, which is a very concerning indicator for the country’s citizens. In other words, there are numerous reasons for people to be out of work. Our ancestry is causing us problems.

Rapidly growing Population Rate:

The uncontrolled rise of the population in Pakistan is one of the most serious concerns facing the country’s unemployed. Country’s Population is growing at an alarmingly rapid rate at the moment. According to official statistics, the population of Pakistan is growing at a pace of 2.2 percent per year.

Many reasons contribute to overpopulation, including early marriage, illiteracy, a desire for more sons, and a lack of awareness, to name a few examples. Since it is well known that Pakistan’s education system is inadequate, an increase in population will inevitably result in an increase in the number of ignorant people entering the labor force.

The govt or any other organization will be unable to create jobs or work locations for the large number of illiterate persons in the population. It has been shown that population expansion is a pretty regular occurrence in many areas. The majority of people who live in villages are uneducated, and as a result, they are unable to deal with the difficulties that arise as a result of overpopulation.

Fault in Our education System:

The education system in Pakistan has not progressed in line with the passage of time. There are a number of technical colleges that provide students with training, but this training does not meet the needs of the industry. In addition, they are not trained. First from primary school level to graduates and postgraduates, students must be trained in a variety of capabilities, with the primary emphasis being on developing entrepreneurial skills and qualities in young people.

Pakistan’s Current Economic Situation:

Pakistan’s economic decline is no longer a mystery in these modern times. The prices of everyday things have skyrocketed to absurd levels. As a result, there is a shortage of demand. Many businesses are suffering from a severe downturn, with an average 5 hundred thousand workers losing their employment in the last ten months.

Many businesses are reducing their workforces and cutting their wages in order to cut costs and maximize profits. As a result, the majority of Pakistanis are afraid to start a new business, and as a result, there are no new employment. If the economic situation remains unchanged, the rate of unemployment will climb from its current level of 6.14 percent, which is a concerning development. To deal with the current economic downturn, drastic measures are required.

Energy crisis in the country

Pakistan’s energy crisis is the primary source of concern for all factories and industries in the country. We were tortured by the load sheading for 20 years, until it was finally resolved in 2017.

We are now generating the majority of the energy through the use of furnace oil. Which, let’s face it, is the most expensive option. Because the price of electricity is excessively high, the products that we manufacture in our industries are excessively expensive when compared to the products of other countries.

High Taxation Rate

Raw – materials taxation, import taxation, property taxation, income taxation, and revenue taxation are all contributing to the decline of our industry, which is the result of which the sector is not growing.

Manufacturing industries of all types will not and cannot create additional jobs or contribute to the economy of their respective companies unless and until the government stands by its support and provides subsidies and facilities.

Rapid increase in Dollar rate

The dolor rates are increasing with each new day, and this trend will continue. The cost of the basic materials we acquire is getting ever prohibitively expensive.

Because of the rise in the rate of misery, our own currency is becoming increasingly corrosive. When we sell anything for $1 in the foreign market, it costs us 167 Rs in the domestic market. The value is decreasing. The export is causing significant damage, and the companies are not manufacturing for the export market.

Violence of Law

Because the law is not regarded as a significant or serious component of our society, it is not mentioned here. Because of a lack of respect for the law, everyone feels himself to be superior and is free to do whatever he wants. As a result, the system becomes inefficient, and people refrain from investing or creating businesses in the country.

Retirement Age

Pensioners in Pakistan can retire at the age of 60, which is an unusually advanced age for this country, and the pakistani government bears direct responsibility for this situation. There are a large number of educated people who are looking for work, but the high retirement age is making young people frustrated.

Terrorism

Terrorism is also another significant source of unemployment. Pakistan is confronted with a horrific condition of terrorism, which is particularly acute in Karachi, which is a center of business activity.

Foreign investors are wary of investing in our country, and as a result, employment prospects are few and few between. Additionally, Afghan refugees are a significant source of unemployment in Pakistan, in addition to the issues mentioned above.

Reasons Why People Are Unemployed

There are many reasons why someone might be unemployed, some temporary and some long term. For me, unemployment has been a long-term struggle. I have been unemployed for over a year now, and it has taken a toll on my mental and physical health.

There are a few reasons why people might be unemployed. Maybe they lost their job, or their company went bankrupt. Maybe they were let go because of the economy, or they were never very good at their job in the first place. Whatever the reason, it's important to find a new job as soon as possible. Here are some reasons why people might be unemployed:

1. The Economy Is Tough

The economy is a big factor in why people might be unemployed. If the economy is bad, companies are going to be less likely to hire new employees. This means that even if someone is qualified for a job, they might not be able to find one.

2. Lack of Skills

If someone isn't qualified for the job they're looking for, that might be a problem. Maybe they don't have the right skills, or maybe the company is looking for someone with a specific skill set. If someone can't find a job because they don't have the right skills

3.The demand for skilled labour

We need to give our kids market-driven technical and vocational education, he added, according to an interview with Dawn, if we want to achieve sustainable economic growth, maintain our global competitiveness, and adapt to technological advances.

Punjab recently created a Skills Sector Development Plan, which sets a goal of preparing 2 million young people for employment by 2018. Punjab is the country's largest province, with an estimated 100 million residents, and is also the location of the bulk of the impoverished.

Irfan's initial action at the TEVTA was to modify how the bureaucracy saw technical education by founding new technical institutes without concentrating on the discrepancy between what is taught to pupils and what the economy needs.

My Struggle With Unemployment

I've been looking for a job for a while, but I haven't been successful. I've looked in several various locations, but I haven't been able to find a job that interests me. I have applied at several locations, but I have not been successful in getting a job that I am interested in. What I should do is unclear to me. I've been looking for a job for a while, but I haven't been successful.

I have been unemployed for over a year now, and it has taken a toll on my mental and physical health. I have spent months feeling hopeless and helpless. I have lost weight and become depressed. I have trouble concentrating and making decisions.

The worst part is that I know I'm not the only one facing this challenge. There are millions of people who are unemployed and struggling to find a job. Unfortunately, it seems like the job market is getting worse and worse.

I understand that there are a lot of factors contributing to the unemployment crisis. But I think that the government could do more to help the unemployed. For example, the government could invest in job training programs or provide more assistance.

Struggling to find a job

The reasons why you may be struggling to find a job!

So many people are finding thier jobs

As time passes with more and more silence and rejection your confidence takes a real hit (even the most confident person would feel deflated in these circumstances!) 

So what's the point when…

Applying and interviewing for jobs takes so much time, effort, and energy and yet a rejection email takes one quick minute if you are lucky enough to even be notified and forget it being personalised.

1. All these reasons have most likely crossed your mind at some point, encroaching on your job search and making it less straightforward…

But hear me when I tell you…  IT’S NOT IMPOSSIBLE!

“OK, I hear you…  What do I need to do then?”

First things first…  Stop blaming external factors and look at what you can control.

Four factors may be the culprits behind your struggle…

# 1 RESUME

Does your resume truly represent you in the best possible way? 

If not talk to an expert like me and make sure you have a resume that converts.  (check out the links below for more helpful tips on your resume)

#2 THE RIGHT JOBS IN THE RIGHT COMPANIES

Are you applying for the right jobs in the right companies? 

Is your job search optimised toward roles that fit your skillset and capabilities?  If not this is an area that should be investigated. 

#3 CLEAR VISION

Is your added value crystal clear, not only to you but also to a potential employer?

The majority of employers won’t read between the lines to find out if you are the best person for the position they need to fill.  Face it you will probably be one of a thousand or more applicants, they want to see the right person jump off the page not have to go digging. 

#4 INTERVIEW POWER

Close your eyes…  Reach deep and ask yourself “Do I have powerful interview techniques”. The type that makes you stand out in an interview and shine with prospect and ability…  OR do you wobble and struggle to articulate your key achievements resulting in nausea and hot sweats!

Honestly, the list of external factors can be a long one but the point here is to understand what they are…  Accept them…  And to not continue to blame factors you have no control over.  What you should be doing is focusing your time and energy on what you can control AND how you can take steps outside that ever-turning vicious circle.If you are in this situation, feeling overwhelmed or at a loss as to where to start then don’t do it alone… There is no need to struggle in your job search today.  There are many options to help you in various aspects of your life why not in gaining a job? A career coach (like myself) can assist with all the above factors.  We can be objective, we can help you to delve deep and look at what you’re wanting to gain in your job search and whether or not you are even going for the right jobs for your capabilities, skillset, and happiness because let’s face it if you aren’t going to be happy then the new job will lose its shine super quick!  You also want to find someone who can properly support you in this journey and be as

dedicated to your employment as you are.

Solution of Unemployment in Pakistan

It will be challenging for the government of Pakistan to address one of the nation's most serious issues, unemployment, given the size of the country's population. Nevertheless, we have offered a few ideas to assist lower unemployment in Pakistan, and we are optimistic that by putting these ideas into practise, the rate of unemployment in the nation would be decreased or perhaps completely abolished.

• The first step towards reducing unemployment in Pakistan is for the government of Pakistan to develop a comprehensive plan.
• It is necessary to build well-recognized training and technical institutes where skills programs can be delivered.
• At the very least, the retirement age should be 55 years old.
• Remove the energy situation so that investors will flock to Pakistan, resulting in the automatic creation of job opportunities.
  
  
  

• Peace should prevail throughout the country so that foreign investors would not be hesitant to make investments in Pakistan.
• It is necessary to improve the agricultural sector.
• It is necessary to improve the agricultural sector.
• Multinational corporations are interested in doing business in Pakistan.
• Centers for family planning should be established in order to stem the tide of overpopulation.

Clean Air Is Our Responsibility

Clean Air:As A Human Right                               

You have around a one in two chance of inhaling air that exceeds World Health Organization standards for air pollution if you're reading this from a city in a high-income nation. That in itself is concerning, but the likelihood of breathing clean air if you reside in a city in a low- or middle-income country is even lower—97% of these places do not fulfil the standards for air quality.

The majority of the world's population is unintentionally exposed to hazardous materials and wastes that raise their risk of contracting diseases and impairments during the course of their lifetimes. It may occasionally constitute a violation of human rights.

Clean air is not just a necessity for humans, but it is also a human right. In order to ensure that all people have access to clean air, the United Nations General Assembly has passed a resolution proclaiming clean air as a human right.

According to the World Health Organization, air pollution is a leading cause of death, disability, and illness worldwide. It is estimated that over two million people die each year as a result of air pollution. Air pollution also causes significant health problems in children, including respiratory problems, heart disease, and cancer.

Air pollution is a problem that affects everyone, no matter where they live. It is important to remember that clean air is not only important for humans, but for the environment as well. Pollution harms the environment by causing environmental damage, contributing to climate change, and destroying natural resources.

Air Pollution: A Global Problem                               

Our health and food security are significantly harmed by air pollution on a worldwide scale. In addition to destroying enough crops to feed millions of people each year, it is believed to be the cause of roughly 3.7 million premature deaths worldwide.

Reasons Behind Air pollution 

Everyone has a stake in maintaining clean air, and air pollution may be avoided. The answers to this urgent problem are essential for addressing the climate crisis, promoting inclusive societies, and enhancing child development. We have a fantastic opportunity to change how we address one of the great hidden killers by working together.

Here are five reasons why everyone should care about clean air from our most recent study, as well as suggestions for fundraisers and campaigners.

• Air pollution is harmful to our health
•  The road won't be visible clearly due to smog
•  largest danger to buildings and structures, in addition to plants, is acid rain.
•  the "greenhouse effect" is brought on by humans absorbing more heat from the sun.
• You could have eye, skin, or nose irritation and you might also have a sore throat.
• Your lungs are in danger if you inhale dirty air.        

Pollution: A problem for the environment

Because chemicals can harm farms and forests, air pollution poses a threat to the ecosystem, as was already mentioned. The three substances that can harm plants the most frequently (and fatally) are:

• Ozone
• Nitrogen dioxide
• Sulphur dioxide

These substances may impede a plant's development and health if they get into the soil. This can be a major issue for us consumers if the plant is a part of a large field where we collect food because we might be ingesting some polluted soil.

Biggest air pollution problem

The most dangerous type of pollution is air pollution, by far. The fact that the air we breathe is everywhere means that more people, plants, and animals may be harmed by it. This is why:

• Carbon emissions greatly contribute to global warming
• The harsh chemicals we breathe can make all living creatures sick
• Plants and animals can be displaced due to climate change

Air pollution directly affects our life since we require air to breathe, but all other types of pollution (water, noise, and land) are also dangerous. Future generations might suffer and have to live in a poisonous environment if we don't take action against air pollution now.

 Pollution affecting the earth

Due to the "greenhouse effect," which causes global warming and raises Earth's temperature, air pollution plays a significant role in climate change, as was already mentioned. As a result, marine life is altered, and some animals are forced to move because of a lack of food.

The greenhouse effect, which contributes to global warming, also increases air pollution. Various chemical reactions that are caused by ground-level ozone (not the ozone layer!) are more susceptible to certain temperatures. Health difficulties brought on by this harmful ozone include coughing and other breathing-related ailments.